草果叶瘟病的病原菌鉴定

2013年,对绿春县草果种植区草果病害进行调查及诊断,并对病原菌进行了分离、鉴定以及致病性测定。结果表明,引起植株死亡的现象是由变异梨孢引起的一种侵染性病害。草果叶瘟病为首次报道的新病害,变异梨孢为中国新记录。     

A high-resolution map of the rice blast resistance gene Pi15 constructed by sequence-ready markers

The gene Pi15 for resistance of rice to Magnaporthe grisea was previously mapped to a ≈0.7-cM region on chromosome 9. To further define the chromosomal region of the Pi15 locus, a contig spanning the locus was constructed, in silico , through bioinformatics analysis using a reference sequence of the cultivar 'Nipponbare'. One simple sequence repeat marker adopted from the International Rice Microsatellite Initiative and six candidate resistance gene (CRG) markers, developed from gene annotation of the reference sequence of the contig, were used for linkage analysis in a mapping population consisting of 504 extremely susceptible F₂ plants. The Pi15 locus was delimited to a ≈0.5-cM region flanked by the markers CRG5 and CRG2 and co-segregated with the markers BAPi15₇₈₂, CRG3 and CRG4, which was physically converted to a 44-kb interval.     

用不同类型的水稻鉴别品种鉴定江苏稻瘟病菌的致病性

根据DNA指纹图谱和系谱, 从1999年采集的96个江苏稻瘟菌株中选择44个菌株进行致病性测定. 它们被鉴定为7个生理小种. 用日本清泽系列单基因鉴别品种和LTH近等基因系(NILs)鉴别品种分析, 分别产生27和10个致病类型, CO39 NILs对江苏菌株几乎没有鉴别作用. 分析结果可见供试菌株之间致病性差异极大. 研究表明, 发展包含较多抗病     

Partial resistance to neck blast influenced by stage of panicle development and rice genotype

Summary Neck nodes of eight rice genotypes were inoculated with a virulent isolate of the blast pathogen at four slightly different, increasingly older stages of panicle development shortly after flowering. Resistance to infection as well as resistance to growth of the pathogen after infection was assessed. Significant differences between genotypes were found for both components of resistance. Resistance to growth of the pathogen sharply increased with aging of the neck node as was indicated by a large reduction of the length of the lesions on the culm, but resistance to infection did not change much. The lesion length was closely related to yield loss. A small delay in time of infection can lead to a large decrease in yield reduction. Meaningful comparison of partial resistance to neck blast between genotypes therefore requires infection at an identical stage of panicle development. In the field, where panicles are in different stages of development, selection of genotypes that do show the symptoms of neck blast together with relatively little yield loss in infected panicles is recommended.     

稻瘟病菌粗毒素产生的影响因素探讨

用抑制胚根生长法测定６种因素对稻瘟病菌产生毒素量的影响。结果表明，菌株间的产毒量有明显差异；最适宜的产毒条件是：选用马铃薯、蔗糖培养基，ｐＨ值在５～６，温度为３０℃，每天光暗各１２ｈ，摇动培养。     

稻瘟菌细胞壁热解物诱导水稻抗稻瘟病的研究

以水稻近等基因系和广东省稻瘟病菌优势小种ZC13的细胞壁热解物(HDS)为材料进行诱导抗病性的研究。HDS通过细胞壁121°C 20 m in热解获得。HDS中葡萄糖质量浓度为176.83 m g/mL。HDS在体外对稻瘟病菌的孢子萌发和菌丝生长均无抑制作用,但处理水稻后可以显著提高水稻对稻瘟病菌的抗病性。在亲和性品系中,诱导抗病效果最高可达82.47%,且浓度与活性间存在正相关趋势;在非亲和品系中,热解物处理引起HR反应。HDS处理后,水稻过氧化物酶(POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活力明显升高。     

稻瘟菌侵染诱导的水稻过氧羟基脂肪酸羟化环氧化酶的抗血清制备

 通过选择性抽提、盐析、阴阳离子交换柱层析等步骤从非亲和性稻瘟菌侵染的120g稻叶中获得了诱导性过氧羟基脂肪酸羟化环氧化酶(POG)的电泳纯蛋白250μg。利用这些纯化蛋白,制备了POG的抗血清。点免疫杂交结果表明,该抗血清效价大于1:5000,其抗原检测灵敏度可达0.05ng,并具有较好的特异性。蛋白印迹结果显示,稻瘟菌侵染可诱导POG在水稻细胞膜上的累积。     

吡唑醚菌酯/二氧化硅微球的释放行为与生物活性评价

为了对二氧化硅载药体系进行评价,以吡唑醚菌酯为模式农药,利用其与正硅酸乙酯在碱性条件下的水解缩合反应,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂,制备了吡唑醚菌酯/二氧化硅微球。通过扫描电子显微镜、Nicolet iS5傅里叶变换红外光谱及高效液相色谱等表征了微球的表面形态和化学结构,测定了其在水中的光解速率;并采用透析袋法探讨了该微球在不同pH值和不同温度下的缓释行为,通过菌丝生长速率法测定了该微球对稻瘟病菌的毒力,评价了其生物活性。结果表明:所制备的吡唑醚菌酯/二氧化硅微球外观形貌较为规整,粒径在0.998~1.428 μm之间,其最大载药量可达50.73%。该微球在碱性条件下的释药速率快于酸性条件下,且其释放均符合一级反应动力学方程,在中性条件下其释药符合Ritger-Peppas方程;与pH值相比,温度对其释药速率的影响较小。给药后第5天,所制备吡唑醚菌酯/二氧化硅微球的毒力与原药相近,给药后第9天,其毒力是原药的11.7倍,缓释效果显著。该吡唑醚菌酯/二氧化硅微球在紫外灯照射10 h后光解率为38.98%,明显低于吡唑醚菌酯原药的光解率(68.92%)。     

吉林省稻瘟菌宗谱与寄主亲和关系分析

利用分子标记法对吉林省稻区的87份稻瘟病菌菌株的DNA指纹图谱进行分析.结果表明:87份菌株根据带型相似度＞85％的标准可划分为11个遗传宗谱;吉林省的水稻主栽品种在遗传背景上与JL01和JL04 2个优势稻瘟病菌宗谱具有相似的共进化的同源宗亲关系,这是导致品种的抗性水平不高、抗病周期较短的主要原因之一.     

阿米西达对水稻稻瘟病菌的毒力测定

采用菌丝生长速率法用阿米西达对黑龙江省稻瘟病菌的毒力作用进行了测定,其中阿米西达的嘧菌酯含量为25%,供试水稻稻瘟病菌93个.实验结果表明:阿米西达对水稻稻瘟病菌的菌丝生长具有明显的抑制作用,93个供试稻瘟病菌菌株EC50值2.18 ～11.3μg·mL-1,抗药性监测的敏感基线值为4.64μg·mL-1.在药剂浓度为...